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The Heiltsuk ,〔William C. Sturtevant, 1978. ''Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast''〕 also Bella Bella,〔 are an Indigenous people of the Central Coast region in British Columbia, centred on the island communities of Bella Bella and Klemtu. The government of the Heiltsuk people is the Heiltsuk Nation. Its largest community is Bella Bella. ==History== Ancestors of the Heiltsuk have been in the Central Coast region of British Columbia since at least 7190 BCE.〔("A Little About the Heiltsuk." ) ''Heiltsuk Cultural Education Centre.'' Retrieved 19 July 2012.〕 The Heiltsuk are the descendants of a number of tribal groups who came together in Bella Bella in the 19th century. The Heiltsuk practice(d) a set of cultural expressions that have been grouped together with other, similar groups under the term 'Northwest Coast.' These expressions include organization into extended family groups, linkage to origin stories, ranking and differentiation in status, ownership of non-physical prerogatives, seasonal movement to harvest resources centred on large permanent 'winter villages,' sophisticated use of wood, stone and other items, complex ceremonies and elaborate social interactions culminating in the 'potlatch.' Rediscovered in recent years by a collaboration between archaeologists and traditional knowledge-holders, clam gardens extend throughout the coast of BC. The Heiltsuk were renowned among their neighbours for their artistic, military, ceremonial and spiritual expertise. Their first contact with Europeans was most likely in 1793, and the name "Bella Bella" dates back to 1834.〔Pritzker p. 166–167〕 They generally refer to themselves as Heiltsuk. As with many other indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast they were subject to drastic population loss as a result of introduced diseases and heightened military conflicts with neighbouring peoples during the fur trade era.〔Duff, Wilson. ''The Indian History of British Columbia''. Volume 1: The Impact of the Whiteman. BC Provincial Museum. 1964〕 As the fur trade began they also became known as skilled traders. Highly skilled in canoe making and later shipbuilding, a number of trading schooners were made in Bella Bella by the canoe makers who had learned to make western style vessels. For a time they acted as middlemen in the fur trade, benefiting from early access to guns. The traders complain in some of their records of the Heiltsuk being hard to trade with, passing off land otter skins for sea otter, demanding extra large blankets, then cutting them to standards size for retrade and sewing the extra pieces together to make more blankets. "''A significant feature of Bella Bella society was the development of a cadre of highly skilled artisans noted for their construction and decoration of bentwood boxes, chests, canoes, and horn spoons and ladles. After White contact the skills of these artisans were turned to the market demand for canoes and boxes.''"〔Hilton, Susanne F. "Haihais, Bella Bella, and Oowekeeno" in Handbook of the North American Indians: Volume 7 the Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. 1990. p. 316〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heiltsuk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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